Annular nail - Pallet nail with
annular (circular ring) threads rolled onto
the shank
Banding Notch - See Strap Slot
Bin - Four-sided superstructure to be
mounted on a pallet base, with or without a
cover; also known as a box or container bin
pallet
Block -Rectangular, square or
cylindrical deck spacer, often identified by
its location within the pallet as corner
block, end block, edge block, inner
block,center or middle blockd
BLOCK PALLET - A type of pallet with
blocks between the pallet decks or beneath
the top deck
Butted Deckboard - An inner deckboard
placed tightly against an adjacent lead
deckboard during pallet assembly
Bottom Deck - Assembly of deckboards
comprising the lower, load bearing surface
of the pallet
CAD - Computer-aided-design software
that allows the design of the "right" pallet
at the best value; see Pallet Design System
(PDS)
Captive Pallet - A pallet intended
for use within the confines of a single
facility, system or ownership; not intended
to be exchanged
CHAMFERED DECKBOARDS - Deckboards
with edges of one or two faces beveled,
either along the full or specified length of
board or between the stringers of blocks,
allowing easier entry of pallet jack wheels
Closed distribution system - Shipping
system restricted to moving goods between
specified plants and facilities
Collar - Collapsible wooden container
or bin which transforms a pallet into a box
Cost-Pass-Through - A cost-share
system where the partial cost of a pallet is
passed-through from the purchaser to the
receiver of the pallet.
COST-PER-TRIP - Average cost of
pallet use for a single one-way trip
Deck - One or more boards or panels
comprising the top or bottom surface of the
pallet
Deck Mat - Assembly of deckboards and
stringerboards, forming the deck of a block
pallet
DECKBOARD - Element or component of a
pallet deck, oriented perpendicular to the
stringer or stringerboard
Deckboard Spacing - Distance between
adjacent deckboards
Deckboard Span - Distance between
deckboard supports (stringers,
stringerboards or blocks)
DEFLECTION - The amount of
deformation or bending in a pallet or pallet
component under load
Dimensions - See Pallet Dimensions
Double-Face Pallet - A pallet with
top and bottom decks
Double-Wing Pallet - A pallet with
top and bottom deckboards extending beyond
the edges of the stringers or stringerboards
Drive Screw Nail - Helically
(continuous spiral) threaded pallet nail
ECONOMIC LIFE - Output from PDS
program which identifies the number of trips
the pallet will make, provided it is
properly repaired, which maximizes a return
on investment
Exchange Pallet - A pallet intended
for use among a designated group of shippers
and receivers where ownership of the pallet
is transferred with the ownership of the
unit load; common pool pallet
Expendable Pallet - A pallet intended
for a series of handlings during a single
trip from shipper to receiver; it is then
disposed; see Shipping Pallet
FASTENER - A mechanical device for
joining pallet components such as nails,
staples, bolts or screws
Fastener Shear Index - Relative
measure of shear resistance of the pallet
fastener
Flush Pallet - A pallet with
deckboards flush with the stringers,
stringer-boards or blocks along the sides of
the pallet
Fork Entry - Opening between decks,
beneath the top deck or beneath the stringer
notch to admit forks
FOUR-WAY BLOCK PALLET - A pallet with
openings at both pallet ends and along
pallet sides sufficient to admit hand-pallet
jacks; full four-way entry pallet.
Free Span - The distance between
supports in a warehouse rack
Hand (Wheel) Jack Opening - Space
provided in the bottom deck to allow pallet
jack wheels to bear on the floor
Handling - A single pick-up, movement
and set-down of a loaded or empty pallet
Hardened-Steel Nail - Heat-treated
and tempered steel pallet nail with a MIBANT
angle between 8 and 28 degrees
HARDWOOD - Wood from broad-leaved
species of trees (not necessarily hard or
dense)
Helical Nail - Helically (continuous
spiral) threaded pallet nail, see also Drive
Screw Nail
Inner Deckboard - Any deckboard
located between the end deckboards
Joint
- Intersection and connection of components,
often identified by location within the
pallet as the end joint, center joint and
corner joint
Length - Refers to the stringer or
stringerboard (in block pallets) length;
also refers to the first dimension given to
describe a pallet i.e., 48" x 40", where 48"
is the pallet stringer/stringerboard length
LIFE TO FIRST REPAIR - Output from
PDS program which is equivalent to the
number of trips the pallet will last before
needing repair
Line Load - The weight of a unit load
concentrated along a narrow area across the
full length or width of the pallet
Load Bearing Surface - Actual area of
material in contact with and supporting a
unit load
MIBANT angle - The bend angle in a
fastener shank when subjected to a MIBANT
test
MIBANT TEST - (Morgan Impact Bend
Angle Nail Tester) - Standard impact
nail tester used in the pallet and lumber
industry as an indication of impact bend
resistance of nails or staples
Nail - Fastener made from endless
wire by cutting a point and forming a head
at the shank end opposite the point
NATIONAL WOODEN PALLET AND CONTAINER
ASSOCIATION - A national association
with the goal of promoting the design,
manufacture, distribution, recycling, and
sale of pallets, containers, and reels
Non-Reversible Pallet - A pallet with
bottom deckboard configuration different
from top deck
Notch - Cutout in lower portion of
the stringer to allow entry for the fork
tine, usually 9" in length, 1 1/2" in depth
NOTCHED STRINGER - A stringer with
two notches spaced for fork-tine entry,
(partial four-way entry)
Opening Height - The vertical
distance measured between decks, from the
floor to the underside of the top deck, or
from the floor to the top of the stringer
notch
Overall Height - The vertical
distance measured from the floor to the top
side of the top deck
Overhang - The distance the deck
extends from the outer edge of the stringer
or stringerboard; wing; lip; distance the
unit load extends beyond the deck
Pallet - A portable, horizontal,
rigid platform used as a base for
assembling, storing, stacking, handling and
transporting goods as a unit load, often
equipped with a superstructure
PALLET DESIGN SYSTEM - (PDS) -
Reliability-based computer-aided design
(CAD) program, for determining the safe load
carrying capacity, performance, life and
economy of wooden pallets
Pallet Dimensions - When specifying
pallet size, the stringer or stringerboard
(block pallet) length is always expressed
first; for example, a 48" x 40" pallet has a
48" stringer or stringerboard and 40"
deckboards
Pallet Jack - Hand-propelled wheeled
platform, equipped with a lifting device for
moving palletized unit loads
PALLET LIFE - The period during which
the pallet remains useful, expressed in
units of time or in the number of one-way
trips
Panel Deck Pallet - Pallet
constructed with composite or structural
panel top deck
Partial Four-Way Stringer Pallet - A
pallet with notched stringers
Post Pallet - A pallet fitted with
posts or blocks between the decks or beneath
the top deck; see block pallet
QUALITY - Consistent performance of a
uniform product meeting the customer's needs
for economy and function
Racked Across Deckboards - Output
from PDS program describing the maximum load
carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet
where the rack frame supports the pallet
only at the ends of the deckboards
Racked Across Stringers - Output from
the PDS program describing the maximum load
carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet
where the rack frame supports the pallet
only at the ends of the stringers or
stringer boards
REPAIR - To remake in order to use
again
RECYCLING - A pallet, container or
reel that has been used, discarded,
salvaged, repaired and which passes through
a cycle again
RENTAL PALLET - A pallet owned by a
third party, different from the actual
pallet user
Returnable/Reusable Pallet - A pallet
designed to be used for more than one trip
Reversible Pallet - A pallet with
identical top and bottom decks
Shipping Pallet - Pallet designed to
be used for a single one-way trip from
shipper to receiver; it is then disposed;
see Expendable Pallet
SHOOK - Cut-to-size pallet parts to
be assembled into pallets
Shook Grade - The classification of
the quality of pallet parts relative to
performance characteristics based on size
and distribution of defects, independent of
wood species
Single-Wing Pallet - A pallet with
the top deckboards extending beyond the
edges of the stringers or stringer-boards
with the bottom deckboards flush (if
present)
Skid - A pallet having no bottom deck
Slave Pallet - Pallet, platform or
single, thick panel used as a support base
for a palletized load in rack-storage
facilities or production systems
Soft Nail - Pallet nail with a MIBANT
angle equal to or greater than 47 degrees
SOFTWOOD - Wood from coniferous or
needle-bearing trees (not necessarily soft
or low density)
Solid Deck Pallet - A pallet
constructed with no spacing between
deckboards
Span - The distance between stringer
or block supports
Stevedore Pallet - A pallet designed
for use on seaport shipping docks, normally
of heavy-duty, double-wing construction
STIFF-STOCK STEEL NAIL - Pallet nail
made of medium-high carbon steel without
heat treatment and tempering with MIBANT
angle between 29 and 46 degrees
Strap Slot - Recess or cutout on the
upper edge of the stringer or the bottom of
the top deckboard to allow tie-down of a
unit load to the pallet deck with
strapping/banding, also called the banding
notch
Strapping - Thin flat bands used to
secure load to pallet
STRINGER - Continuous, longitudinal,
solid or notched beam-component of the
pallet used to support deck components,
often identified by location as the outside
or center stringer
Stringerboard - In block pallets,
continuous, solid board member extending for
the full length of the pallet perpendicular
to deckboard members and placed between
deckboards and blocks
Take-It-Or-Leave-It Pallet - A pallet
fitted with fixed cleats on the top
deckboards to permit fork truck tines to
pass beneath the unit load and remove it
from the pallet
Top Cap - Panel to be placed on top
of a unit load to allow for tight strapping
without damaging the unit load
Top-Deck of the Pallet - The assembly
of deckboards comprising the upper
load-carrying surface of the pallet
TRIP - Consists of four to six
handlings of a pallet
Two-Way Entry Pallet - A pallet with
unnotched solid stringers allowing entry
only from the ends
UNIT LOAD - Assembly of goods on a
pallet for handling, moving, storing and
stacking as a single entity
Warehouse Pallet - A double-face
multiple trip returnable pallet intended for
general warehouse use
Wing - Overhang of deckboard end from
outside edge of stringer or stringer-board
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